Une étude longitudinale de l’effet des stratégies de surveillance communautaire sur la récidive sexuelle des individus condamnés pour un crime sexuel au Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.26034/la.cfs.2026.9307Mots-clés :
Surveillance, Récidive sexuelle, Délinquance sexuelle, Canada, Gestion du risqueRésumé
Depuis les années 1990, le Canada a implanté des stratégies de surveillance en communauté, lesquelles permettent aux tribunaux d'imposer des conditions légales visant à prévenir la récidive sexuelle chez les individus condamnés pour un crime sexuel (ICCS). Cette étude cherche à documenter la fréquence de leur imposition, et pour la première fois depuis leur promulgation, à déterminer si, comme prévu, elles sont associées à un risque de récidive sexuelle plus faible. Les trajectoires pénales de 553 ICCS admis consécutivement dans un pénitencier et suivi en communauté sur une période de 30 ans (1994-2024) ont donc été analysées. Les résultats indiquent que les stratégies de surveillance sont rarement imposées (11,2%), et selon les analyses de survie, leur effet varie en fonction de la participation à un programme de traitement spécialisé en matière de crime sexuel. Seules, les stratégies sont associées à un risque de récidive sexuelle plus élevée, alors que combinées à un programme de traitement spécialisé, ce risque est atténué, voire plus faible dans certains contextes. Ces observations soutiennent une utilisation restreinte, mais davantage individualisée de ces stratégies, et soulignent les bienfaits de la complémentarité entre les interventions de soutien et de surveillance dans la prévention de la récidive.
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(c) Julien Frechette, Patrick Lussier 2026
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